Backyard birds like chicken, ducks and quail, can be a great source of fresh eggs and a fun hobby but they also come with important health responsibilities. Although birds may look healthy and clean, they can still carry germs like salmonella, campylobacter and avian influenza (bird flu) that can make you sick. These germs spread through contact with the birds’ feathers, droppings, coops and eggs. Young children, older adults and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of infection.
Prevention measures
You can reduce the risk of illness and keep your family, your flock and your community healthy by taking steps to prevent infection. Watch this video and read below for tips on preventing disease.
Practice good hygiene
- Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling birds, eggs or any equipment in their environment.
- Avoid touching your face, mouth or eyes while interacting with the birds.
- Keep hand sanitizer near your coop for easy access.
Handle chickens safely
- Do not kiss or snuggle your flock.
- Designate separate clothing and footwear for tending to birds to avoid cross-contamination inside your home.
- Prevent young children from handling the animals without supervision.
Keep your coop clean
- Regularly clean and disinfect coops, feeders, waterers and tools.
- Remove soiled bedding and manure frequently to minimize bacterial buildup and pest attraction.
- Ensure proper ventilation in the coop to reduce moisture, which can encourage the growth of harmful bacteria.
Prevent the spread of disease
- Quarantine new birds before introducing them to your flock.
- Protect your flock from wild birds and rodents, which may carry diseases.
- Monitor your flock for signs of illness, such as lethargy, reduced appetite or respiratory issues.
- Consult a veterinarian if you suspect illness in your flock.
Current poultry disease information
Staying informed about the latest developments in avian influenza is essential for effective prevention and response.
Avian Influenza Updates
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA): Latest bird flu situation
- CFIA: Status of ongoing avian influenza response by province
- CFIA: Investigations and orders of avian influenza in domestic birds by province
Biosecurity Standards
- Poultry Industry Council: Biosecurity and Disease
- Canada biosecurity standards: National Avian On-Farm Biosecurity Standard - 2nd edition
Personal Protective Equipment Recommendations
Additional resources
For more information on safe backyard poultry keeping, visit the following links:
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency resources:
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture: Raise healthy small flock poultry
Check with your local bylaw office to ensure compliance with specific rules in your area. For a list of contacts by municipality, visit our Common Household Concerns webpage.
For questions or concerns, call 1-800-265-7293 ext. 4753 to speak to a Public Health Inspector.